Morality and Cultural Identity: Ethical Perspectives in the Cambodian Context

In fostering a nuanced understanding of moral philosophy among undergraduate students, integrating culturally contextualized ethical discourse is essential. Recently, I had the privilege of inviting Dr. Prak Samphose—a senior lecturer in Buddhist Studies at Preah Sihanouk Raja Buddhist University (SBU) in Phnom Penh, and an international news analyst for a well-known Cambodian TV channel—to deliver a session titled "Morality and Cultural Identity: Ethical Perspectives in the Cambodian Context." This session profoundly enriched our exploration of morality beyond Western paradigms and highlighted the importance of grounding moral reflection within Cambodia’s rich religious and cultural heritage.

 According to Dr. Samphose, Cambodian culture is a blend of Buddhism, Hinduism, and indigenous Animist beliefs. Theravāda Buddhism influences Cambodian’s daily conduct and social harmony based on the concepts of karma and rebirth. While Hinduism influences, rooted in the Angkorian legacy, continue to shape cultural symbols and rituals, emphasizing dharma and duty. Complementing these are Animist practices based on ancestor’s spirits and natural phenomena, fostering a worldview where the morality is intertwined with spiritual harmony and ancestral reverence.

This confluence of beliefs demonstrates a cultural identity where morality is experiential, relational, and embedded in collective memory. Such a perspective challenges the individualistic and abstract notions of morality often associated with Western philosophy. Instead, Cambodian morality emphasizes harmony, filial piety, community cohesion, and spiritual balance—showing that ethics are deeply rooted in cultural continuity and spiritual interconnectedness.

The session prompted our students to critically reflect on the limitations of universal moral theories that overlook cultural specificities. While Western ethics tend to prioritize individual rights and rational deliberation, the Cambodian context reveals morality as a lived, communal, and spiritual practice. Recognizing this diversity is crucial for fostering intercultural empathy and ethical humility among our undergraduate students.

Dr. Samphose underscored the importance of understanding local moral frameworks when addressing contemporary issues such as social justice, environmental concerns, and governance. Moreover, the integration of indigenous perspectives can lead to culturally resonant and sustainable solutions, aligning with the global need to respect diversity while promoting shared human values.

 This insightful session highlighted educators’ vital roles in broadening moral horizons. By exposing students to indigenous ethical paradigms, we challenge assumptions, deepen cultural appreciation, and foster a more holistic moral perspective. Dr. Samphose’s insights serve as a compelling reminder that morality is rooted in cultural context, and meaningful ethical understanding necessitates awareness.

In conclusion, the session on "Morality and Cultural Identity" demonstrated that morality is a culturally situated phenomenon—embedded in Cambodia’s historical, religious, and social fabric. Embracing this complexity fosters a more inclusive, reflective, and culturally sensitive approach to moral philosophy, which is essential for cultivating ethical leaders in our interconnected world.

By Asst. Prof. MUT Somoeun, Lecturer of Moral Philosophy